For example, MLA typically includes the publication date, at or near the end of the citation. They both use a reference page at the end of the work, align entries to the left and have the title centered.
But, how they format their entries is distinctly their own. MLA citations include the last name and first name and title in title case. APA citations on the other hand, include the author's last name and first initial, title in sentence case, and no period after a URL. MLA is used for humanities and literature papers.
APA is used for science and technical papers. However, both are used through college courses. The main differences between MLA, APA, and Chicago format are the way the title page, in-text citations, and reference lists are created. MLA uses the author-page number style for in-text citations, while APA uses the author-date citation style. Chicago offers two citation styles: notes-bibliography and author-date. These two styles vary drastically in the composition of the in-text citations and reference lists.
MLA and APA use a reference list at the end of the work that cites only the sources used in the body of the paper.
Chicago and Harvard can use a bibliography at the end of the paper, which highlights all the sources consulted in the creation of the paper.
Each writing style is formatted to make citations for that specific field easier. Average rating 4. Vote count: No votes so far! Be the first to rate this post. MLA vs. You can still choose to use full sentences instead, though. Use full sentences in your annotations if your instructor requires you to, and always use full sentences in the main text of your paper. Instead, create a separate title page. On the title page, list each author on a separate line, followed by the other usual information from the header: Instructor, course name and number, and submission date.
Then write the title halfway down the page, centered, and start the text of the paper itself on the next page. Usually, no title page is needed in an MLA paper. A header is generally included at the top of the first page instead. The exceptions are when. In those cases, you should use a title page instead of a header, listing the same information but on a separate page.
When an online source e. Accessed 28 Mar. The level of detail you provide in a publication date in your Works Cited list depends on the type of source and the information available. Generally, follow the lead of the source—if it gives the full date, give the full date; if it gives just the year, so should you. Books usually list the year, whereas web pages tend to give a full date.
For journal articles , give the year, month and year, or season and year, depending on what information is available. In an MLA Works Cited list , the names of months with five or more letters are abbreviated to the first three letters, followed by a period. For example, abbreviate Feb. In most standard dictionaries , no author is given for either the overall dictionary or the individual entries, so no author should be listed in your MLA citations.
Some source types, such as books and journal articles , may contain footnotes or endnotes with additional information. MLA style provides guidelines for referring to information from a note in an in-text citation :. If you cite multiple Shakespeare plays throughout your MLA paper, the in-text citation begins with an abbreviated version of the title as shown here , e.
Each play should have its own Works Cited entry even if they all come from the same collection. Shakespeare 1. No, do not use page numbers in your MLA in-text citations of Shakespeare plays. Instead, specify the act, scene, and line numbers of the quoted material, separated by periods, e. Shakespeare 3. This makes it easier for the reader to find the relevant passage in any edition of the text. When an article e.
In an MLA style Works Cited entry for a newspaper , you can cite a local newspaper in the same way as you would a national one, except that you may have to add the name of the city in square brackets to clarify what newspaper you mean, e.
The Gazette [Montreal]. Dallas Observer. If you focus on a particular contributor e. If your citation of the podcast focuses more on the contribution of someone else e. MLA recommends citing the original source wherever possible, rather than the source in which it is quoted or reproduced.
For example: qtd. If a source is reproduced in full within another source e. For example:. When you want to cite a PowerPoint or lecture notes from a lecture you viewed in person in MLA , check whether they can also be accessed online ; if so, this is the best version to cite, as it allows the reader to access the source. If the material is not available online, use the details of where and when the presentation took place.
In an MLA song citation , you need to give some sort of container to indicate how you accessed the song. If this is a physical or downloaded album, the Works Cited entry should list the album name, distributor, year, and format. However, if you listened to the song on a streaming service, you can just list the site as a container, including a URL. In this case, including the album details is optional; you may add this information if it is relevant to your discussion or if it will help the reader access the song.
When citing a song in MLA style , the author is usually the main artist or group that released the song. However, if your discussion focuses on the contributions of a specific performer, e. When a source has no title , this part of your MLA reference is replaced with a description of the source, in plain text no italics or quotation marks, sentence-case capitalization.
In MLA Style , you should cite a specific chapter or work within a book in two situations:. If you cite multiple chapters or works from the same book, include a separate Works Cited entry for each chapter. Use a shortened version of the title in your in-text citation. If a source has no page numbers, you can use an alternative locator e.
If there are three or more authors, name only the first author, followed by et al. You must include an in-text citation every time you quote or paraphrase from a source e. If information about your source is not available, you can either leave it out of the MLA citation or replace it with something else, depending on the type of information. MLA style uses title case, which means that all principal words nouns, pronouns , verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and some conjunctions are capitalized.
This example demonstrates that the words that you write and the tables, figures, illustrations, or images that you include should be next to each other in your paper.
You must cite your sources as you use them. In the same way that a table or figure should be located right next to the sentence that discusses it see the previous example , parenthetical citations, or citations enclosed in parenthesis that appear in the text, are required.
You need to cite all your information. If someone else wrote it, said it, drew it, demonstrated it, or otherwise expressed it, you need to cite it. The exception to this statement is common, widespread knowledge. MLA is a style and cannot be copyrighted because it is a style, but the seventh edition of the MLA Handbook can be copyright protected. If you reference a specific page in that handbook, you need to indicate it. If you write about a general MLA style issue that is commonly covered or addressed in multiple sources, you do not.
When in doubt, reference the specific resource you used to write your essay. After the body of your paper comes the works cited page. It features the reference sources used in your essay. List the sources alphabetically by last name, or list them by title if the author is not known as is often the case of web-based articles.
You will find links to examples of the works cited page in several of the sample MLA essays at the end of this section. You may find it helpful to use online applications that quickly, easily, and at no cost convert your citations to MLA format.
You may find that online applications can quickly, easily, and at no cost convert your citations to MLA format. There are several websites and applications available free or as a free trial that will allow you to input the information and will produce a correct citation in the style of your choice. Consider these two sites:.
Hint: You may need access to the Internet to find any missing information required to correctly cite in MLA style. Skip to main content. Search for:. Five Reasons to Use MLA Style To demonstrate your ability to present a professional, academic essay in the correct style To gain credibility and authenticity for your work To enhance the ability of the reader to locate information discussed in your essay To give credit where credit is due and prevent plagiarism To get a good grade or demonstrate excellence in your writing.
Title Block Format You never get a second chance to make a first impression, and your title block not a separate title page; just a section at the top of the first page makes an impression on the reader. Paragraphs and Indentation Make sure you indent five spaces from the left margin. Tables and Illustrations Place tables and illustrations as close as possible to the text they reinforce or complement.
Table Parenthetical Citations You must cite your sources as you use them. Your in-text, or parenthetical, citations should do the following: Clearly indicate the specific sources also referenced in the works cited Specifically identify the location of the information that you used Keep the citation clear and concise, always confirming its accuracy. Works Cited Page After the body of your paper comes the works cited page. Title of the website.
Publication Date. Name of Organization if applicable. Date you accessed the website. Date of publication. Title of document. Organization that provides the website. Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume Issue. Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publishing Company, Date of publication. Title of the book. Place of Publication: Publishing Company. MLA 2 Dewan, S. Using crayons to exorcise Katrina. The New York Times. Beyond the pleasure principle.
XVII, pp. London, England: Hogarth. MLA 4 Henley, D. Naming the enemy: An art therapy intervention for children with bipolar and comorbid disorders. MLA 5 Hutson, M.
0コメント