Severity of symptoms vary. Prolonged bleeding is the main symptom. It is often first seen when an infant is circumcised. Other bleeding problems usually show up when the infant starts crawling and walking.
Mild cases may go unnoticed until later in life. Symptoms may first occur after surgery or injury. Internal bleeding may occur anywhere. If you are the first person in the family to have a suspected bleeding disorder, your health care provider will order a series of tests called a coagulation study. Once the specific defect has been identified, other people in your family will need tests to diagnose the disorder.
Treatment includes replacing the missing clotting factor. You will receive factor VIII concentrates. How much you get depends on:. This medicine helps the body release factor VIII that is stored within the lining of blood vessels.
To prevent a bleeding crisis, people with hemophilia and their families can be taught to give factor VIII concentrates at home at the first signs of bleeding. People with severe forms of the disease may need regular preventive treatment.
These medicines are given as an injection. In milder cases, injections are usually only given in response to prolonged bleeding. More severe cases are treated with regular injections to prevent bleeding. Read more about treatments for haemophilia. Looking after your teeth and gums helps you avoid problems such as gum disease , which can cause bleeding.
Most non-surgical dental treatment can be done at a general dental surgery. Your care team at the hospital can give you advice about surgical dental procedures, such as having a tooth removed, and further information and advice about living with haemophilia. This helps scientists better understand the condition. You can opt out of the register at any time. Page last reviewed: 17 April Next review due: 17 April Symptoms of haemophilia The symptoms of haemophilia can be mild to severe, depending on the level of clotting factors you have.
The main symptom is bleeding that does not stop. There are several types of screening tests for hemophilia:. This test measures the amount of hemoglobin the red pigment inside red blood cells that carries oxygen , the size and amount of red blood cells, and the amounts of white blood cells and platelets in the blood.
The CBC is normal in people with hemophilia, but if you have hemophilia and you have unusually heavy bleeding or bleed for a long period of time, the hemoglobin and the red blood cell count can be low. This test reveals how much time it takes for blood to clot; specifically, it measures the clotting ability of factors 8, 9, 11, and If any of these clotting factors are diminished, it takes longer than normal for the blood to clot.
This test also reveals how long it takes for blood to clot. It focuses on the clotting ability of factors 1, 2, 5, 7, and If any of these factors are in short supply, it takes longer for the blood to clot. Most people with hemophilia A and B will have normal results on this test. This test also reveals how well a person can form a blood clot.
Fibrinogen is also known as clotting factor 1. Clotting factor tests, which are required to diagnose a bleeding disorder, reveal the type of hemophilia and how severe it is. They check the levels of factor 8 or factor 9 in the blood, and show whether you have mild, moderate, or severe hemophilia. People with hemophilia are likely to have a relatively normal life expectancy and quality of life if they receive the treatment that they need and are knowledgeable about their condition, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Some people with hemophilia develop inhibitors, which are antibodies that the immune system creates to attack the clotting factors in hemophilia treatment, notes the World Federation of Hemophilia. This happens when the body mistakes the clotting factors in the treatment for foreign intruders. Inhibitors can negatively affect the course of hemophilia, but new medications are currently being developed. Around 60 to 70 percent of people with hemophilia A have severe hemophilia and about 15 percent have moderate hemophilia, per the Cleveland Clinic.
There is currently no cure for hemophilia, according to the NHF. The primary treatment for hemophilia is replacing the missing clotting factor so the blood can clot properly, according to the CDC. These are both administered through injections. Plasma-derived factor concentrates are blood clotting factors that come from plasma donated by other people.
Blood donations are processed to create the freeze-dried factors that go into this therapy. Recombinant factor concentrates are a newer type of therapy that uses genetic engineering to create blood replacement products. This therapy still contains the clotting factors a person with hemophilia needs.
These treatments are both prophylactic preventive and therapeutic. That is, they can treat current bleeding and prevent future bleeding incidents. Other medication people with hemophilia might receive include clot-promoting drug called anti-fibrinolytics.
The two main anti-fibrinolytics prescribed to people with hemophilia A are desmopressin acetate DDAVP and epsilon-aminocaproic acid. What if, rather than injecting the missing clotting factor into people with hemophilia, you could instead get their bodies to start making it on their own? For more than two decades, scientists have been working on developing a gene therapy for hemophilia that would do just that. However, on August 18, , the U.
Hypnosis may also have benefits for hemophilia. In a study published in Scientific Reports in September , participants who underwent four weekly hypnosis sessions in addition to their usual treatment had a higher reduction in pain than the control group, and also saw benefits in their quality of life. One of the most serious but rare complications of hemophilia is a head injury that causes bleeding in the brain.
Another serious, but chronic, complication with hemophilia is the development of inhibitors, which make it more difficult to stop a bleeding episode and can increase your risk of death. About 1 in 5 people with hemophilia A develop inhibitors, though scientists still do not fully understand who will get them and why, notes the CDC.
Hemophilia is rare and predominantly affects males; females are rarely born with the disorder. Acquired hemophilia is a variety of the condition that occurs when a person's immune system attacks clotting factor 8 or 9 in the blood.
It can be associated with:. In the most common types of hemophilia, the faulty gene is located on the X chromosome. Everyone has two sex chromosomes, one from each parent. Females inherit an X chromosome from the mother and an X chromosome from the father. Males inherit an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father. This means that hemophilia almost always occurs in boys and is passed from mother to son through one of the mother's genes.
Most women with the defective gene are carriers who have no signs or symptoms of hemophilia. But some carriers can have bleeding symptoms if their clotting factors are moderately decreased. The biggest risk factor for hemophilia is to have family members who also have the disorder.
Males are much more likely to have hemophilia than are females. Hemophilia care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.
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